Bibliography |
- Kihss, Peter: "Eichmann Trial to Be Seen in TV", in: The New York Times, 14.11.1960
- Shepard, Richard F.: "U.S. TV Networks Irked at Coverage of Eichmann Trial", in: The New York Times, 25.02.1961
- "Eichmann on TV", in: Newsweek (New York, NY), Vol. 57, Nr. 9, 27.02.1961
- "Court Approves Filming of Trial", in: The New York Times, 11.03.1961
- Adams, Val: "News of TV and Radio - Eichmann", in: The New York Times, 09.04.1961
- Gould, Jack: "TV: The Eichmann Trial", in: The New York Times, 10.04.1961
- "TV Trial Films Delayed", in: The New York Times, 12.04.1961
- "Eichmann, Gagarin: 'Instant TV'", in: Variety, 19.04.1961
- Thompson, Howard: "Screen: Stalking A Nazi", in: The New York Times, 04.05.1961
- Dimitman, E.Z.: "How Television Is Watching the Eichmann Trial", in: TV Guide, Vol. 9, Nr. 18, 06.05.1961
- Fellows, Lawrence: "TV Makes It's Israeli Debut with a Tragedy", in: The New York Times, 02.07.1961
- The Holocaust in Books and Films: A Selected, Annotated List, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (Ed.), 3rd Edition, New York, NY: Hippocrene, 1986
- Watson, Mary Ann: The Expanding Vista: American Television in the Kennedy Years. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1990
- N.N.: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann. Record of Proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem. Vol. 4, Jerusalem: State of Israel, Ministry of Justice / Israel State Archive / Yad Vashem, 1993
- N.N.: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann. Record of Proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem. Vol. 3, Jerusalem: State of Israel, Ministry of Justice / Israel State Archive / Yad Vashem, 1993
- Thaler, Paul: The Watchful Eye: American Justice in the Age of the Television Trial. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994
- Shandler, Jeffrey: While America Watches: Television and the Holocaust in the United States, from 1945 to the Present. New York, NY: Columbia University (Dissertation), 1995
- Shandler, Jeffrey: While America Watches. Televising the Holocaust. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999
- Rosenthal, Alan: Jerusalem, Take One! Memoirs of a Jewish Filmmaker. Carbondale / Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000 |
Contents (detailed) |
=== Einstellungsprotokoll (- min/sek):
- 00'34’’ ARCHIV-VORSPANN
=== Sitzung 82.03:
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 01’03’’ Gerichtssaal (total) mit Glaskasten, Robert Servatius (Verteidiger) stehend
- 01’12’’ Robert Servatius (nah) mit Kopfhörer (Bild durch Kratzer unterbrochen)
- 01’23’’ Eichmann (mit Anzug) mit Kopfhörer blättert in Unterlagen
- 01’27’’ Servatius (nah) (Bild verwackelt)
- 01’33’’ Gerichtssaal (total) mit Glaskasten, Servatius stehend
- 02’03’’ Eichmann mit Kopfhörer sieht in Unterlagen
- 02’08’’ Gerichtssaal (total) mit Glaskasten, Servatius stehend
- 02’16’’ Servatius (nah)
- 02’37’’ Servatius u. Eichmann lesend, Servatius
- 03’15’’ Eichmann sieht in Unterlagen
- 03’20’’ Servatius (nah)
- 03’30’’ Eichmann sieht in Unterlagen
- 03’48’’ Eichmann u. zwei Wachmänner im Glaskasten
- 04’54’’ Servatius u. Assistentin
- 04’48’’ Servatius (nah)
- 05’25’’ Eichmann
- 05’29’’ Servatius (nah)
- 05’36’’ Eichmann sieht in Unterlagen, Bleistift in Hand
- 05’40’’ Servatius (nah)
- 05’47’’ Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total), Servatius setzt sich. Servatius u. Assistentin
- 06’40’’ Eichmann zuhörend
- 07’04’’ Servatius u. Assistentin
- 07’10’’ Eichmann
- 07’20’’ Eichmann u. zwei Wachmänner im Glaskasten, er blättert in Unterlagen
- 07’52’’ Servatius u. Assistentin
- 07’57’’ Eichmann
- 08’10’’ Servatius u. Assistentin
- 08’13’’ Eichmann (nah)
- 09’00’’ Servatius, Hausner, Yaacov Baror, Gabriel Bach u. Yaacov Robinson
- 09’05’’ Eichmann
- 09’17’’ Eichmann (nah)
- 09’20’’ Servatius setzt sich
- 09’26’’ Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 09’28’’ Hausner stehend, setzt sich, Servatius u. Assistentin
- 09’48’’ Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 10’01’’ Servatius, Hausner, Baror, Bach u. Robinson
- 10’04’’ Moshe Landau u. Benjamin Halevy
- 10’23’’ Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 10’28’’ Benjamin Halevy
- 10’34’’ Hausner setzt sich
- 10'41'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 10'46'' Schwarzfilm
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 10'47'' Eichmann blättert in Unterlagen
- 10'52'' Eichmann (nah)
- 10'57'' Eichmann blättert in Unterlagen
- 11'02'' Servatius (nah) sieht in Unterlagen
- 11'12'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total), Servatius überreicht Unterlagen Gerichtsmitarbeiter, dieser bringt sie zu Eichmann
- 11'28'' Eichmann sieht in Unterlagen
- 11'37'' Eichmann gibt Unterlagen Gerichtsmitarbeiter, dieser bringt sie zum Landau
- 11'50'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 12'02'' Servatius (nah)
- 12'12'' Eichmann
- 12'14'' Servatius (nah)
- 12'20'' Eichmann
- 12'28'' Eichmann (nah)
- 12'42'' Eichmann blättert in Unterlagen u. liest Dokument vor
- 12'53'' Eichmann (nah)
- 13'06'' Eichmann überreicht Dokument Gerichtsmitarbeiter, dieser bringt es zu Servatius
- 13'14'' Eichmann (nah)
- 13'35'' Servatius (nah)
- 13'47'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 14'08'' Servatius u. Assistentin
- 14'10'' Eichmann (nah)
- 14'13'' Servatius (nah)
- 14'30'' Eichmann
- 14'33'' Eichmann (nah)
- 14'46'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 14'52'' Servatius (nah)
- 14'59'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 15'10'' Servatius (nah)
- 15'20'' Eichmann
- 15'24'' Eichmann (nah)
- 15'58'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 16'21'' Servatius (nah)
- 16'30'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 16'53'' Servatius (nah)
- 17'03'' Eichmann (nah)
- 17'10'' Servatius liest Dokument vor
- 17'22'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 17'28'' Servatius liest Dokument vor
- 17'45'' Eichmann (nah)
- 17'49'' Servatius liest Dokument vor
- 18'05'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 18'29'' Eichmann (nah)
- 18'48'' Eichmann zeigt mit Finger auf Unterlagen
- 19'01'' Eichmann (nah)
- 19'12'' Eichmann
- 19'20'' Eichmann (nah)
- 19'38'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total), Gerichtsmitarbeiter bringt Servatius Dokument
- 19'48'' Servatius
- 19'49'' Schwarzfilm
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
===
=== Sitzung 87.01:
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 19'50'' Eichmann (nah) setzt Brille auf, legt Stirn in Falten
- 20'08'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 20'17'' Eichmann (nah)
- 20'46'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 20'53'' Eichmann (nah)
- 20'58'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 21'39'' Eichmann (nah), zuhörend
- 21'47'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 21'53'' Eichmann (nah)
- 22'14'' Landau, Kopf in Hand gestützt
- 22'18'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 22'30'' Eichmann (nah)
- 23'09'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 23'15'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 23'22'' Eichmann (nah)
- 23'52'' Eichmann
- 24'00'' Eichmann (nah), zuhörend
- 24'27'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 24'31'' Eichmann (nah) beugt sich nach vorne
- 24'48'' Halevi u. Landau
- 24'53'' Eichmann (nah)
- 25'15'' Halevi u. Landau
- 25'22'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 25'50'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 25'58'' Eichmann (nah)
- 26'26'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 26'40'' Eichmann (nah) lehnt sich zurück u. wieder vor
- 26'51'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 27'27'' Eichmann (nah)
- 27'55'' Eichmann
- 28'05'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 28'14'' Eichmann (nah)
- 28'28'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 28'37'' Eichmann (nah)
- 29'08'' Halevi (nah)
- 29'13'' Eichmann
- 29'18'' Gerichtssaal mit Glaskasten (total)
- 29'24'' Eichmann (nah)
- 29'48'' Halevi (nah)
- 29'54'' Eichmann (nah)
- 30'16'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 30'23'' Eichmann (nah)
- 30'44'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 30'55'' Eichmann (nah)
- 31'32'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 31'38'' Eichmann
- 31'42'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 31'50'' Eichmann (nah)
- 32'17'' Eichmann wechselt Brille
- 32'27'' Eichmann u. Wachmann im Glaskasten von hinten
- 32'42'' Eichmann
- 32'58'' Schwarzfilm
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
===
=== Sitzung 70.00:
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 33'00'' Raya Kagan (Zeugin) im Zeugenstand
- 33'04'' Hausner
- 33'11'' Kagan
- 33'27'' Kagan
- 33'57'' Eichmann
- 34'08'' Kagan
- 34'28'' Hausner
- 34'47'' Kagan
- 34'52'' Hausner (nah)
- 35'05'' Kagan im Zeugenstand
- 35'13'' Kagan, trinkt Wasser
- 36'41'' Hausner
- 36'10'' Kagan
- 36'23'' Hausner
- 36'30'' Kagan
- 36'59'' Hausner, Servatius
- 37'04'' Kagan
- 37'09'' Hausner, Servatius
- 37'19'' Kagan
- 37'27'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 37'35'' Kagan
- 37'44'' Hausner, Servatius
- 37'53'' Kagan (Bild durch Kratzer unterbrochen)
- 38'00'' Eichmann
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 38'02'' ARCHIV-VORSPANN
- 38'12'' Kagan
- 38'16'' Eichmann
- 38'21'' Kagan, Hausner unscharf
- 38'39'' Kagan im Zeugenstand
- 38'59'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 39'04'' Kagan, Gerichtsmitarbeiter füllt Wasserglas auf
- 39'36'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 39'44'' Kagan im Zeugenstand
- 39'54'' Kagan
- 40'27'' Hausner
- 40'30'' Kagan
- 40'49'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 40'55'' Kagan im Zeugenstand
- 41'06'' Kagan
- 41'33'' Hausner (nah)
- 41'40'' Kagan
- 42'00'' Hausner
- 42'07'' Kagan gestikulierend
- 43'30'' Landau. Kopf in Hand gestützt
- 43'38'' Kagan
- 43'52'' Eichmann zurückgelehnt, Hände im Schoß
- 43'57'' Kagan
- 44'08'' Eichmann
- 44'11'' Kagan
- 44'34'' Hausner (nah)
- 44'37'' Kagan
- 45'07'' Gerichtssaal mit Zeugenstand (total)
- 45'49'' Halevi
- 45'53'' Kagan im Zeugenstand
- 46'09'' Eichmann
- 46'13'' Kagan im Zeugenstand
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
=== [Fortgesetzte Verhandlung der Sitzung auf Band EICHMANN TRIAL // SESSION 070.03 / 071.01 - 08-JUN-1961 [ET] (VT EI313) [ET]
===
=== Sitzung 73.03:
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 46'45'' Eichmann schreibend
- 46'47'' Hausner u. Servatius, Hausner setzt sich
- 46'57'' Gerichtssaal (total)
- 47'01'' Servatius (nah)
- 47'24'' Servatius setzt sich, Hausner blickt in Unterlagen
- 47'34'' Eichmann
- 47'48'' Servatius blickt in Unterlagen
- 47'57'' Eichmann
- 48'02'' Servatius, Hausner stehend
- 48'09'' Gerichtssaal (total), Gerichtsmitarbeiter bringt Landau Dokument
- 48'20'' Servatius, Hausner stehend
- 48'28'' Landau
- 48'36'' Servatius, Hausner stehend
- 48'45'' Eichmann schreibend
- 48'52'' Servatius, Hausner liest stehend Dokument vor
- 49'10'' Eichmann blättert in Unterlagen, hält Bleistift in Hand u. unterstreicht etwas
- 49'53'' Servatius, Hausner stehend
- 50'18'' Hausner liest Dokument vor
- 50'45'' Eichmann
- 51'03'' Hausner u. Servatius
- 51'11'' Eichmann
- 51'14'' Hausner legt Dokument weg
- 51'26'' Eichmann schreibend
- 51'34'' Landau nimmt Dokument entgegen
- 51'40'' Gerichtssaal (total)
- 51'48'' Hausner (nah) liest Dokument vor
- 51'59'' Eichmann blättert in seinen Unterlagen u. schreibt etwas auf
- 52'24'' Hausner (nah) liest Dokument vor
- 52'35'' Eichmann schreibend
- 52'46'' Hausner (nah) liest Dokument vor
- 53'02'' Eichmann
- 53'05'' Gerichtssaal (total)
- 53'08'' Landau liest in Unterlagen
- 53'12'' Hausner (nah) überreicht Gerichtsmitarbeiter Unterlagen
- 53'30'' Gerichtsmitarbeiter überreicht Landau Unterlagen, Schwenk zu Hausner
- 54'01'' Hausner (nah)
- 54'08'' Eichmann blättert in seinen Unterlagen u. schreibt etwas auf
- 54'16'' Hausner (nah)
- 54'23'' Eichmann
- 54'27'' Landau u. Raveh
- 54'38'' Eichmann schreibend
- 54'48'' Gerichtsmitarbeiter überreicht Landau Unterlagen
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
===
=== Sitzung 75.01:
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 54'52'' Hausner stehend
- 55'11'' Servatius u. Assistentin, Hausner
- 55'22'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 55'25'' Servatius u. Assistentin, Hausner
- 55'53'' Gerichtssaal (total)
- 56'04'' Hausner liest Dokument vor
- 56'22'' Gerichtssaal (total)
- 56'32'' Hausner
- 56'50'' Gerichtssaal (total)
- 57'05'' Servatius u. Hausner
- 57'18'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 57'32'' Hausner überreicht Gerichtsmitarbeiter Dokument
- 57'35'' Gerichtssaal (total), Gerichtsmitarbeiter überreicht Landau Dokument
- 57'41'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 57'45'' Servatius u. Assistentin, Servatius steht auf u. setzt sich wieder
- 58'07'' Gerichtssaal (total)
- 58'12'' Halevi, Landau u. Raveh
- 58'28'' Hausner
- 58'37'' Halevi
- 58'40'' Hausner
- 58'58'' Gerichtssaal (total)
- 59'03'' Ende
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
===
=== Tonprotokoll, Engl. Übersetzung (- min/sek):
=== Session 82.03:
- 01’08’’ Servatius: I shall now pass over an exhibit and turn to exhibit T/865, document No. 855. This is List 2 for Bohemia and Moravia. The document is an extract from a booklet published by the International Red Cross Committee, printed in Geneva in June 1946. The subject is a report on a visit to Theresienstadt on 5 April 1945 the year should appear but does not. It reads: "On April 5, I went to Prague, in order to contact the Security Services of the city and visit the Theresienstadt Ghetto." Later it says that "this commission, although precisely who drafted the actual report is not clear, talked to Dr. Weinemann, Head of the Security Service in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as with Eichmann, the Specialist on Jewish Matters." Further on, it says, Eichmann played a leading role in the concentration camps; he was the direct representative of the Reichsfuehrer-SS in all these matters. Witness, is it correct that you played a leading role in concentration camp matters? Would you tell us what were your duties and powers in that regard?
- 04’42’’ Eichmann: No, that is not correct; I played no role whatsoever, and I also had no duties or powers
- 05’48’’ Servatius: Later in the report, it says: "In the course of the evening, Eichmann elaborated on his theories about the Jewish Question." In the report it says that there was a joint dinner with you and Dr. Weinemann, and you developed these theories, and then it says: "As far as the general problem of the Jews was concerned, Eichmann believed that Himmler was currently envisaging humane methods." Further down it says: "Eichmann himself did not entirely approve of these methods, but as a good soldier he naturally followed the Reichsfuehrer's orders blindly. "When did this discussion take place, and is what it says here correct?
- 08’20’’ Eichmann: I still remember our evening meeting at the Prague Hradschin, after the visit. It is possible indeed, it is highly likely that this is where I probably gave my opinion about solving the Jewish Question. In this case, it can only have been a personal opinion, and I have already outlined my personal opinion here. The allegation that I said that Himmler's methods, which at that time would have tended towards humane methods, were not entirely approved by me, cannot be right, because I would definitely not have allowed myself to criticize one of my superiors before a foreigner
=== [Short discussion about translation problems]
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 11’28’’ Servatius: I turn now to the next volume of exhibits. First of all document No. 717, which has not yet been submitted the first one in volume 19. This is a communication, signed by Senner, to the Head Office for Reich Security, Group VIB, dealing with the evacuation of the Cote d'Azur and the search for Donati. Witness, this is signed "Senner." Who is this person, what is Group VIB? And where are these instructions from?
- 12’39’’ Eichmann: The document is not available to me at the moment, because I was not informed that it would be discussed, but I can still reply. I do not know the name Senner. VIB is Department VI in the Head Office for Reich Security
-13’16’’ Servatius: That would be Department VI, the intelligence department?
- 13’23’’ Eichmann: Department VI, Schellenberg. Espionage and Counter-Espionage
- 13’36’’ Servatius: The next exhibit is T/497, document No. 1520. This is a communication from Roethke in Paris to the Head Office for Reich Security, IVB4, dated 26 September 1943. Again this is about Donati, an Italian national, who is being searched for he is considered to have special influence The question is, therefore, what did Section IVB4 have to do with this search?
- 16’00’’ Landau: The contents appear clearly from the actual document.
- 16’02’’ Eichmann: I became aware of this matter from the documents during my imprisonment, I have no recollection of it. As far as I am informed, Donati is a man who protected Jews and prevented their being evacuated. Now, here the Senior Commander of the Security Police and the Security Service, that is to say, his official dealing with it at IVB, intervened, in order to be able to proceed here in co operation with Department VI
- 16’53’’ Servatius: The next exhibit is T/496, document No. 665. This is a telegram from Eichmann to the Senior Commander of the Security Police in France, and in the penultimate paragraph it says: "Please investigate the matter and arrest the Jew Golub immediately, and, if possible under the directives, include him in an evacuation transport to the East to collecting camp Auschwitz." The communication is addressed to Knochen, Senior Commander of the Security Police in Paris. Witness, according to this, were you able to issue orders for such arrests?
- 18’45’’ Eichmann: Basically, I was unable to issue orders for any arrests, unless I had received a corresponding command from my chief. I no longer remember this particular instance what happened at that time. From the date, I can see that at that time, in accordance with the orders issued by Himmler, it was no longer possible, so that under these orders the State Police had to intervene
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
===
=== Session 87.01:
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 19’52’’ Eichmann: ...comparative studies. And, on the basis of the literature available to me, I have drawn up a chronological table, and on the basis of this chronology I have tried to the best of my knowledge and belief to insert these official journeys as accurately as possible. I should like to start with the first official journey which I was instructed to make by the Chief of Security Police and Security Service, who at the time was Heydrich. I received an order to present myself to Heydrich. He told me: "The Führer has ordered the destruction, the physical destruction of Jewry." He instructed me to go to Lublin and to consult with Globocnik, who had received an order about this activity from Himmler I believe it was from Himmler the idea being for Globocnik to use the Russian anti-tank ditches. That was the order which Heydrich gave me. I arrived in Lublin and reported, indicated my assignment, and then, together with either one of Globocnik's adjutants or another SS officer who knew the region, I set off in some direction which I was not familiar with, arrived at a site where I saw two medium-sized peasants' cottages, which were being worked on by a captain in the Order Police, whom I found in his shirt-sleeves. He told me that he had to seal these cottages hermetically, and that the Jews were to be gassed here by means of a Russian submarine motor. I did not see any more there the installation was not yet operating. I returned to Berlin, where I reported and, in accordance with instructions, notified my superior, Gruppenführer Mueller, as well as the Chief of the Security Police and the Security Service of what I had seen. I must add something to this statement with regard to the question of timing. It was in any case a long time, or at least some time, after the double battles of Minsk and Bialystok, because in my travels I crossed the area where I saw some battered Russian tanks, but where generally things had been dealt with by the German Salvage Commando, who had cleaned up the battlefields. It cannot yet have been winter, because where these two peasants' cottages were, there was a deciduous forest, and the trees were still in leaf. I would therefore think that it was around the end of summer or autumn 1941. I received orders for the second journey not from Heydrich, but from Mueller. He told me I was to go to the Warthegau, and he informed me that Jews were being gassed to death in Kulm or Kulmhof, and he wanted a report on how this was being carried out. I travelled to the State Police Office in charge, which as far as I can remember was the Litzmannstadt Police. They gave me an official familiar with the area, who took me to the site. In Kulmhof I observed the process, according to orders, made my notes, and then returned to Berlin, where I reported to Mueller on what I had seen. As far as I remember, in my Statement at least I think so I said that this must have been around the end of 1941. In the meanwhile, in Reitlinger I have found that, on the basis of his documents, Reitlinger comes to the conclusion that there was a permanent gassing camp in Kulm at the end of December, and so I must have been in Kulmhof either at that time, the end of December, or shortly after it. After reporting to Mueller, I asked him for the first time to give me a different duty, as I was not the right man for these things. Mueller's reply was that a front-line soldier could not choose where he wanted to be placed, but had to do his duty wherever he was stationed
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
===
=== Session 70.00:
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 33’00’’ Kagan: In this way, it was possible to learn a great deal from the
file
- 33’06’’ Hausner: How were you ordered to record the cause of death?
- 33’10’’ Kagan: We were given the cause of death together with the death notice. In a very short time, it became clear to us that all this was only camouflage, and that none of these causes of death could, under any circumstances, be genuine
- 33’30’’ Hausner: What did you write on the forms?
- 33’36’’ Kagan: We wrote in the forms various kinds of illnesses
- 33’37’’ Hausner. Such as?
- 33’38’’ Kagan. Catarrh of the intestines, pneumonia, erysipelas, an inflammation of the skin, general debility, dysentery, and all kinds of other kinds. In addition, in brief, I learned to draw conclusions, in the case of people where the cause was stated to be sudden death from a heart attack, that this was a case of killing, and not death from so-called natural causes. We then recorded it in such a way that it was clear from the entry that the person had not died from illness, and not even from floggings and tortures, but that he had been shot
- 34’30’’ Hausner: Did you sometimes note down shot or executed?
- 34’35’’ Kagan: Never
- 34’43’’ Hausner. As far as the card index showed, nobody was ever hanged or shot in Auschwitz?
- 34’49’’ Kagan: Nobody
- 34’58’’ Hausner: What happened to the people who were taken to the gas chambers for extermination? What happened to their personal cards?
- 35’07’’ Kagan: These were the cards of the Sonderbehandelte, special treatment. I wanted to stress here that, of course, we were aware that actions were taking place and selections were being made in the camp, and that people were being taken away to be gassed. With us, such cases were marked only by two letters: SB. When one of my colleagues working in the Registratur said to the chief, Mr. Unterscharfuehrer, but she is dead, he would reply: “You, are you crazy? She is SB she has received special treatment)
- 36’03’’ Hausner: What used to happen to the personal cards of those people who were transferred to "SB"?
- 36’12’’ Kagan: Their cards were removed, they were marked "SB" and destroyed
- 36’20’’ Hausner: The cards were destroyed?
- 36’25’’ Hausner: If I understand you correctly, the death notice concerned people who died in Auschwitz in other ways, and not those who were put to death by gassing
- 36’50’’ Kagan: Not those killed by gassing
- 37’10’’ Hausner: What happened with the people who were brought directly to the gas chambers? Did they undergo registration?
- 37’18’’ Kagan: There was no record in the camp
- 37’21’’ Hausner: As if they had not come there?
- 37’28’’ Kagan: No record
- 37’48’’ Hausner: Were there also Jews who were sent there by the "Kripo" the criminal department?
- 37’55’’ Kagan: Yes
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 38’15’’ Kagan: They interrogated her very briefly, and she was executed this lovely girl of twenty-three
- 38’27’’ Hausner: What happened to Mala Zimetbaum?
- 38’32’’ Kagan: I had known Mala Zimetbaum since the summer of 1942. At that time, she became a "Läuferin" a messenger between blocks and a liaison between the Blockfuehrerstube, the Kapo and the prisoners. She was a young girl, of Polish origin, but she had been living in Belgium and arrived with the Belgian transport. She was very decent. She was known throughout the camp, since she helped everybody. And her opportunities and the power, as it were, that she possessed were never wrongfully exploited by her, as was often done by the Kapos. She suffered like everybody else. However, she had better conditions she was able to take a shower in Birkenau. And suddenly, in the summer of 1944, I heard I was sitting in the room of my superior there was a telephone call and suddenly, I heard them ringing and alerting all the Kripo and the Stapoleitstelle, all stations of the gendarmerie, and I heard the name of the prisoner, Mala Zimetbaum. She had escaped. The escape was organized. She fled in the uniform of the SS, of an Aufseherin, supervisor. The escape occurred on a Saturday afternoon when there was a reduced camp guard. Another Pole escaped with her. They met beyond the camp, on their way to Slovakia. We hoped we had great hopes every morning when we got up, that possibly she would succeed. It is important to note that Mala had many opportunities she had access to the documents. And it was said that she had stolen documents from the Blockführerstube relating to the SD, and that she wanted to publish them abroad. I must remark here that her courage was well-known, but there was also a legend about Mala, and I am not sure whether it is correct that she managed to steal the documents, but it was said of her that she was capable of doing so. A fortnight later, we learned that they had been captured, they were caught in a very foolish way, right on the border, by customs officials. Apparently, they had lost their way and asked which way to go. There they had to cross mountains, to pass through the Carpathians. That was when they were captured. It seemed strange to the customs officers that a couple..
- 42’00’’ Hausner: At any rate, she was sent back to Auschwitz?
- 42’03’’ Kagan: She was returned to Auschwitz. This Polish man was interrogated in our block, and not only in our block. Our hut, in which we worked, was close to the small crematorium which was already out of action, but it was a favourite place for our interrogators, mainly for Wilhelm Burger, who had invented his own forms of torture. There was a torture instrument there called a see-saw. That was where he took this Pole. We saw him there, passing by after terrible tortures. He was hanged in the Auschwitz camp. Mala was taken to Birkenau. Interrogations took place once again in Auschwitz, and we saw her.
- 43’00’’ Hausner: Did you speak to her?
- 43’02’’ Kagan: Yes, I asked her how she was
- 43’03’’ Hausner: You went in to her?
- 43’05’’ Kagan: No. She was in a small hut that was where people waited to be interrogated
- 43’14’’ Hausner: What did she do?
- 43’15’’ Kagan: Serenely and heroically she said, somewhat ironically: "I am always well."
- 43’30’’ Landau: In what language did she say this?
- 43’32’’ Kagan: In German
- 43’35’’ Landau: What did she say?
- 43’38’’ Kagan: "Mir geht es immer wohl."
- 43’42’’ Landau: What happened to her in the end?
- 43’46’’ Kagan: Eventually they brought her to Birkenau, they held a major roll-call, and Mandel, the Schutzlagerführerin, leader of the protective camp, Marie Mandel, made a speech and demanded a spectacular and exemplary punishment for her. Mala had succeeded in placing a razor blade in her sleeve and, at the time of the roll-call, she cut open her veins. The SS man went up to her and began mocking and cursing her. Then, with a hand covered in blood, she slapped his cheek and again, this may be a legend she said to him: "I shall die as a heroine, and you will die like a dog." After that, she was taken, in this very terrible state, to the Revier, and in the evening she was put on a cart and taken to the crematorium
- 45’06’’ Hausner: When the large transports from Hungary began arriving, the method of tattooing was changed is that correct?
- 45’22’’ Kagan: Pardon me, I still wanted to add something important in my opinion on the question of the registration. As from 25 February 1943, we stopped registering Jews
- 45’32’’ Halevi: What did you stop registering?
- 45’37’’ Kagan: We stopped registering Jews in the documentation. The documentation, as far as Jews were concerned, was stopped altogether, except for cases where death was not normal, as it were, such as suicide or killing. In these cases, we did register them. But from that date…
- 46’03’’ Halevi: What was the date?
- 46’05’’ Kagan: 25 February 1943
- 46’08’’ Hausner: What was the reason?
- 46’12’’ Kagan: We were simply not able to register them. There were so many supposedly normal deaths. We worked during the autumn of 1942 and the winter of 1943 we worked from five in the morning until nine-thirty at night
- 46’34’’ Hausner: Who gave the order to stop the registration of Jews?
- 46’40’’ Kagan: As far as we were concerned, it was the head of the department
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
===
=== Sitzung 73.03:
- 46’47’’ Hausner: …If he has an objection, I shall not be able to submit the document. I do not know where Miss Kunze is now, and for that purpose alone, I shall not search for her
- 47’26’’ Servatius: Your Honour, the Presiding Judge, I object to the submission of this document. She was a very young girl who testified after the War, and, apparently, she confirmed what was placed before her. I would have to hear her, in order to see what she would say now. The contents of the document are quite meagre; one may assume that if she were to appear here and testify, its contents would become of even less value
- 48’02’’ Hausner: If that is the case, I shall not trouble the Court with this document, and I shall not submit it. The next document is our No. 1532. This is a partial report of 6 February 1943 on the personal effects stolen in the camps of Auschwitz and Lublin. Here, there is reference to textile and other articles that were seized, to the difficulties of transport by train, and, after that, the summing up what each of the various authorities of the Reich received from these robberies: the Ministry of Economics and Finance 97000 men's suits, 76000 women's costumes, 270000 kilograms of bed feathers. The total which the Ministry of Economics and Finance received amounted to a total load in 570 freight cars. What did the Volksdeutsche receive, for example, in children's garments? 15000 children's overcoats, 11000 short coats for children, 3000 children's trousers, 99000 men's coats, overcoats; 155000 ladies' coats, 125000 women's blouses, 111000 women's shoes a total load of clothing in 211 freight cars. The German youth there are details here of what it received. This included 20000 women's sweaters. The concentration camp personnel received 28000 men's coats; 100000 pairs of men's shoes; a total load of 825 freight cars of clothing. The Court will find here Himmler's instructions on arranging matters of property, after his visit to Warsaw. Our document No. 1533 is a report of 13 May 1943 on the robbery and plunder. This concerns other plundered articles 94,000 men's watches, for example, divided among the various fighting units; so many watches were received by fighting units at the front; 3000 watches were received by crews of German submarines. Each of the concentration camp units received 200 watches. Even fountain pens were distributed amongst the fighting units. And the question now arose: What to do with the women's watches? "I request a decision," writes Globocnik, "as to what is to be done with 33000 women's watches"; four large crates of stamp collections were sent. Gold: he asks for an instruction what to do with the collections of coins in his possession
- 53’04’’ Landau: How do we know that this is Globocnik? According to rank is that right?
- 53’14’’ Hausner: Yes. We are able to identify this document according to the N.O. This we can identify. Another report by Globocnik is our document No. 117, that is 4024 P.S. He gives a partial estimation at nominal prices, so he says, of the robbery of property at one hundred million Reichsmarks and more. He himself says that the prices are nominal. And he refers only to money, foreign currency, gold, valuables. He has a further thousand freight cars of Spinnstoffe (textiles)
- 54’31’’ Landau: Document No. 1533 is our T/1387, and the document which you have now submitted is T/1388
- 54’40’’ Hausner: Our document No. 1250 Globocnik reports to the Reichsfuehrer on the completion of the Reinhardt Operation
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
===
=== Session: 75.01:
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
- 55’00’’ Hausner: In the judgment of the International Military Tribunal, these paragraphs are mentioned in the first volume on page 193 and on page 278 (The reference is always to the German edition). His Honour, Judge Halevi, asked me to find out whether the Swedish Government took action on the information it received from its representative in Berlin, von Otter, which was based on reports he had been given by Dr. Gerstein. The Israel Embassy in Stockholm applied to the Swedish Government and an official announcement was published in Stockholm on 8 June 1961. It says that von Otter reported orally about his conversation with Gerstein, that the Swedish Government knew about broadcasts over Radio London on 9 June 1942 by Sikorsky, President of the Polish National Council, and that in that broadcast attention had been drawn to the mass killings of Jews in Poland. The Swedish Government did not, therefore, think it proper to direct attention once again to the same subject since it assumed that the matter was already known to the world. In November 1942 the Swedish Foreign Minister was informed about a report by an eye witness to the atrocities in Poland, which had been published in London. These are the contents of that official announcement. I have it before me and I am ready to have copies made if the Court so wishes. I am prepared to submit the text now in one copy
- 57’33’’ Landau: Please submit it
- 57’37’’ Hausner: I ask you to disregard the emphases. They are mine, for the purpose of presentation to the Court
- 57’50’’ Dr. Servatius: I have no objection. I only request that I receive a copy
- 58’12’’ Hausner: I was asked by His Honour, Judge Halevi, whether in the Weizmann Archives, or in the Archives of the Jewish Agency, there is any trace of a reaction from the Government of the Soviet Union to approaches made to it. After checking the matter, I have to inform you that no trace has been found either of an approach to the Soviet Union or of a reaction from it. And now, a different matter
- 58'30'' End
=== [Teil von Verhandlung der Sitzung nicht auf Band]
=== Erfassung lt.: N.N.: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann. Record of Proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem, Vol. 3 and Vol. 4, Jerusalem: State of Israel, Ministry of Justice / Israel State Archive / Yad Vashem, 1993 |